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Reconstruction

Page history last edited by Mr. Hengsterman 10 years, 3 months ago

The Realities and Legacies of Reconstruction 1865-1877

“A splendid failure did not achieve its goals in any lasting manner”
Wrote one of the first major history of Reconstruction
WEB DuBois

Historical Context: During the Reconstruction of the South, the federal government struggled to create a new social and economic order. Republicans brought ambitious ideas to the South that included improving the social and political rights of African Americans. Their policies did lead to significant gains, but they soon found their efforts met with terror and violence.

FOUR STAGES of RECONSTRUCTION

President Abraham Lincoln’s Plan (1863-1865)

President Andrew Johnson’s Plan (1865-1867)

Congressional Reconstruction (1867-1868)

Southern Reaction to Reconstruction (1868-1877)

What Freedom Meant to African Americans?

A Bit of History: The Contraband; The Recruit; The Veteran (1865–66) depicts the narrative of a fictional emancipated slave who enrolls in the Union Army and loses his leg. It commemorates the transition of the African American from slavery to freedom

Freedom to Travel

New Organizations

Enthusiasm for Education

Political involvement

Land
ownership

Excitement of being able to travel freely

More emphasis on families as they reunite

African American churches

Voluntary organizations such as mutual aid societies

Many white women move to the south African Americans

Many became self taught

Colleges

African Americans claim their political rights as citizens

State conventions and rallies held

Sherman’s land distribution proves a limited success

African Americans find acquiring land difficult

	Presidential	Congressional
Who was in charge?	President Abraham Lincoln President Andrew Johnson	Thaddeus Stevens Charles Sumner
Dates	April-December 1865	1866-1877
Had the South left the Union?	No; executive branch believed it needed to restore the states to their proper relationship with the Union	Yes; the southern states had left the Union, were conquered territories, and should be treated accordingly
Acts/Action	Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction 1863, 1865 Vetoed Wade Davis bill 1864 Pardoned most ex-Confederates Thirteenth Amendment 1865	Civil Rights Act 1866 Renewed, expanded Freedmen’s Bureau Fourteenth Amendment 1868 Reconstruction Acts 1867-1868 Tenure of Office Act 1867 Fifteenth amendment 1870 Force Acts 1870-1871 Civil Rights Acts 1875
Elements of Plans	South must: Renounce secession Ratify Thirteenth Amendment 10% of voters from 1860 must swear allegiance to Union Confederate officers, officials, wealthy must make special request for pardon	South must: Ratify Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments accept black citizenship accept black men voting Put 20,000 troops in South Confederate officials, officers, soldiers could not vote Civil Rights Act of 1875 provided for social integration
Aid for Freedmen	None provided; up to the individual states to decide how and to what extent newly freed slaves would be helped	Created Freedmen’s Bureau, providing welfare and education to former slaves Provided troops to protect black voting rights No permanent land distribution, which